-- Dominator Garage (client-sided, self-building)
-- Tap "CARS" on the left, use the < > arrows to pick a car, press OK to spawn. Then walk up and press Drive.

local VEHICLES = {
	{ name = "Dominator 1", id = 97188597374642, spikes = false, snatch = 110 },
	{ name = "Dominator 2", id = 18705472828,     spikes = true,  snatch = 120 },
	{ name = "Dominator 3", id = 81713342766877,  spikes = true,  snatch = 135 },
	{ name = "TIV 1",       id = 132451995770483, spikes = false, snatch = 150 },
	{ name = "Tornado Shocker", id = 135174872889473, spikes = true,  snatch = 220, drop = 1.6, ride = -2.8 }, -- ride: more negative = sits lower
	{ name = "TIV 2",       id = 76361366591159,  spikes = false, snatch = 150, drop = 1.6, yaw = 90, seat = Vector3.new(-1.5, -1.6, -2) }, -- seat Y lower = sit lower -- if it faces the wrong way use yaw = -90
	-- per-vehicle extras you can add: yaw = 90 (if it drives sideways), seat = Vector3.new(x, y, z)
	-- drop = how far the body lowers to the ground on deploy (for cars with no rig)
}

local MAX_SPEED     = 95
local REVERSE_SPEED = 30
local ACCEL         = 38
local BRAKE         = 70
local DRAG          = 14
local TURN_RATE     = 1.5
local GRAVITY       = 196
local RIDE_OFFSET   = 0      -- negative lowers the car, positive raises it
local DEPLOY_DROP   = 0.8    -- how far the body drops on deploy
local SPIKE_TRAVEL  = 2.5    -- how far spike parts push down into the ground on deploy
local DEFAULT_SEAT  = Vector3.new(-1.5, -0.4, -2) -- lower number = sit lower
local ENGINE_ID     = 136646841190295
local ACCEL_ID      = 71254224253857
local DEPLOY_ID     = 119289479120380
local UNDEPLOY_ID   = 122898196250302
local SPIKE_DEPLOY_ID = 93178620992029 -- deploy sound for cars with spikes

-- tornado snatch (needs the tornado_api_addon.lua block pasted at the bottom of the tornado script)
local SNATCH = {
	Enabled     = true,
	DefaultMph  = 120,       -- wind speed AT THE CAR that snatches it (per car: snatch = N in the list above)
	DeployedMul = 1.5,       -- deployed cars are held down: threshold x this
	Hold        = { 8, 13 }, -- seconds carried in the funnel before being thrown out
	MaxHeight   = 0.55,      -- fraction of the funnel height it gets lifted to
	Lift        = 60,        -- extra upward pull while below max height
	Grip        = 1.6,       -- how hard the wind grabs the car
	ThrowSpeed  = 240,
	ThrowUp     = 140,
	Cooldown    = 25,        -- seconds before it can be snatched again after landing
	MinFieldMph = 90,
}

local function getStorm()
	local g = getgenv and getgenv()
	local f = g and g.TornadoAPI
	if type(f) ~= "function" then return nil end
	local ok, snap = pcall(f)
	return ok and snap or nil
end

local function stormCenterAt(snap, p)
	local h01 = math.clamp((p.Y - snap.pos.Y) / math.max(snap.height, 1), 0, 1)
	local bx, bz = snap.bend(h01)
	return Vector3.new(snap.pos.X + bx, snap.pos.Y, snap.pos.Z + bz)
end

-- wind speed (mph) at a world position, same falloff the tornado probes use
local function localWind(snap, p)
	local c = stormCenterAt(snap, p)
	local d = math.max(math.sqrt((p.X - c.X) ^ 2 + (p.Z - c.Z) ^ 2), 1)
	local Rc = math.max(snap.colR * 0.5, 60)
	return (d < Rc) and snap.peak * (d / Rc) or snap.peak * (Rc / d) ^ 1.1
end

-- wind velocity (studs/s): spin + inflow + updraft
local function windField(snap, p)
	local c = stormCenterAt(snap, p)
	local rx, rz = p.X - c.X, p.Z - c.Z
	local dist = math.max(math.sqrt(rx * rx + rz * rz), 1)
	local rdx, rdz = rx / dist, rz / dist
	local core = math.max(snap.colR * 0.8, 60)
	local vt = (dist < core) and (dist / core) or (core / dist) ^ 0.75
	local h01 = math.clamp((p.Y - c.Y) / math.max(snap.height, 1), 0, 1)
	local upK = math.clamp(1 - dist / (core * 1.7), 0, 1) ^ 0.7
	local peak = math.max(snap.peak, SNATCH.MinFieldMph)
	local v = Vector3.new(-rdz, 0, rdx) * (vt * peak)
		+ Vector3.new(-rdx, 0, -rdz) * (vt * peak * 0.45)
		+ Vector3.new(0, upK * peak * 0.7 * (1 - 0.5 * h01), 0)
	return v, c, dist, core
end

local Players    = game:GetService("Players")
local RunService = game:GetService("RunService")
local UIS        = game:GetService("UserInputService")
local lp         = Players.LocalPlayer

if getgenv then
	local g = getgenv()
	if g.__Dominator1 then pcall(g.__Dominator1) end
	if g.__DominatorGarage then pcall(g.__DominatorGarage) end
end

local conns, cleanupList = {}, {}
local current, spawning = nil, false

local function cleanup()
	if current then pcall(current.destroy); current = nil end
	for _, c in ipairs(conns) do pcall(function() c:Disconnect() end) end
	for _, o in ipairs(cleanupList) do pcall(function() o:Destroy() end) end
	pcall(function() lp.Character:SetAttribute("InVehicle", nil) end)
end
if getgenv then getgenv().__DominatorGarage = cleanup end

-- gui parent
local guiParent
pcall(function() guiParent = gethui and gethui() end)
guiParent = guiParent or lp:WaitForChild("PlayerGui")

-- driving HUD
local hud = Instance.new("ScreenGui")
hud.Name = "DominatorHUD"
hud.ResetOnSpawn = false
hud.Enabled = false
hud.Parent = guiParent
table.insert(cleanupList, hud)

local function mkButton(parent, text, size, pos, color)
	local b = Instance.new("TextButton")
	b.Size = size
	b.Position = pos
	b.BackgroundColor3 = color
	b.TextColor3 = Color3.new(1, 1, 1)
	b.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBold
	b.TextSize = 16
	b.Text = text
	b.Parent = parent
	Instance.new("UICorner", b)
	return b
end

local speedLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
speedLabel.Size = UDim2.new(0, 140, 0, 40)
speedLabel.Position = UDim2.new(0.5, -70, 1, -70)
speedLabel.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(15, 15, 15)
speedLabel.BackgroundTransparency = 0.3
speedLabel.TextColor3 = Color3.new(1, 1, 1)
speedLabel.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBold
speedLabel.TextSize = 20
speedLabel.Text = "0 MPH"
speedLabel.Parent = hud
Instance.new("UICorner", speedLabel)

local windLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
windLabel.Size = UDim2.new(0, 190, 0, 28)
windLabel.Position = UDim2.new(0.5, -95, 0, 8)
windLabel.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(15, 15, 15)
windLabel.BackgroundTransparency = 0.3
windLabel.TextColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(120, 255, 150)
windLabel.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBold
windLabel.TextSize = 15
windLabel.Text = ""
windLabel.Visible = false
windLabel.Parent = hud
Instance.new("UICorner", windLabel)

local exitBtn   = mkButton(hud, "EXIT",   UDim2.new(0, 100, 0, 40), UDim2.new(1, -120, 0, 80),  Color3.fromRGB(170, 40, 40))
local deployBtn = mkButton(hud, "DEPLOY", UDim2.new(0, 100, 0, 40), UDim2.new(1, -120, 0, 130), Color3.fromRGB(220, 130, 20))
local lightsBtn = mkButton(hud, "LIGHTS: OFF", UDim2.new(0, 100, 0, 40), UDim2.new(1, -120, 0, 180), Color3.fromRGB(70, 70, 80))
lightsBtn.TextSize = 13

table.insert(conns, exitBtn.Activated:Connect(function() if current then current.exit() end end))
table.insert(conns, deployBtn.Activated:Connect(function() if current then current.toggleDeploy() end end))
table.insert(conns, lightsBtn.Activated:Connect(function() if current then current.toggleLights() end end))
table.insert(conns, UIS.JumpRequest:Connect(function()
	if current and current.isDriving() then current.exit() end
end))
table.insert(conns, UIS.InputBegan:Connect(function(input, gp)
	if gp or not current then return end
	if input.KeyCode == Enum.KeyCode.F then current.toggleDeploy() end
	if input.KeyCode == Enum.KeyCode.L then current.toggleLights() end
end))

-- controls
local controls
pcall(function()
	controls = require(lp.PlayerScripts:WaitForChild("PlayerModule", 3)):GetControls()
end)
local function getInput()
	local mv = Vector3.zero
	if controls then
		local o, v = pcall(function() return controls:GetMoveVector() end)
		if o and v then mv = v end
	end
	if mv.Magnitude < 0.05 then
		local x, z = 0, 0
		if UIS:IsKeyDown(Enum.KeyCode.W) then z -= 1 end
		if UIS:IsKeyDown(Enum.KeyCode.S) then z += 1 end
		if UIS:IsKeyDown(Enum.KeyCode.D) then x += 1 end
		if UIS:IsKeyDown(Enum.KeyCode.A) then x -= 1 end
		mv = Vector3.new(x, 0, z)
	end
	return -mv.Z, mv.X
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- vehicle builder
---------------------------------------------------------------------
local function buildVehicle(def)
	local char = lp.Character
	local hrp = char and char:FindFirstChild("HumanoidRootPart")
	if not hrp then error("no character") end

	local result = game:GetObjects("rbxassetid://" .. def.id)
	local model = result and result[1]
	if not model then error("failed to load " .. def.name) end
	if not model:IsA("Model") then
		local wrap = Instance.new("Model")
		model.Parent = wrap
		model = wrap
	end
	model.Name = def.name
	model.PrimaryPart = nil -- WorldPivot is ignored if a PrimaryPart is set

	local yaw = def.yaw or 0
	local seatOffset = def.seat or DEFAULT_SEAT
	local vconns = {}

	-- spike detection (parts named spike / anchor / stake)
	local spikeSet, spikes = {}, {}
	local function spikeNamed(d)
		local x = d
		while x and x ~= model do
			local n = x.Name:lower()
			if n:find("spike") or n:find("anchor") or n:find("stake") then return true end
			x = x.Parent
		end
		return false
	end

	for _, d in ipairs(model:GetDescendants()) do
		if d:IsA("BaseScript") then
			d:Destroy()
		elseif d:IsA("BasePart") then
			d.Anchored = true
			d.Massless = true
			if tonumber(d.Name) then d.Name = "V" .. d.Name end
			if def.spikes and spikeNamed(d) then spikeSet[d] = true end
		elseif d:IsA("Seat") or d:IsA("VehicleSeat") then
			d.Disabled = true
		end
	end

	local names = {}
	for _, c in ipairs(model:GetChildren()) do table.insert(names, c.Name) end
	local spikeCount = 0
	for _ in pairs(spikeSet) do spikeCount += 1 end
	print(def.name .. " parts: " .. table.concat(names, ", ") .. " | spike parts found: " .. spikeCount)

	-- measure visible parts (spike parts excluded) in a given frame
	local function bounds(frame)
		local mn = Vector3.new(math.huge, math.huge, math.huge)
		local mx = Vector3.new(-math.huge, -math.huge, -math.huge)
		local n = 0
		for _, d in ipairs(model:GetDescendants()) do
			if d:IsA("BasePart") and d.Transparency < 0.9 and not spikeSet[d] then
				local s = d.Size / 2
				for ix = -1, 1, 2 do
					for iy = -1, 1, 2 do
						for iz = -1, 1, 2 do
							local pt = frame:PointToObjectSpace((d.CFrame * CFrame.new(s.X * ix, s.Y * iy, s.Z * iz)).Position)
							mn = Vector3.new(math.min(mn.X, pt.X), math.min(mn.Y, pt.Y), math.min(mn.Z, pt.Z))
							mx = Vector3.new(math.max(mx.X, pt.X), math.max(mx.Y, pt.Y), math.max(mx.Z, pt.Z))
						end
					end
				end
				n += 1
			end
		end
		return mn, mx, n
	end

	local ref = model:GetPivot()
	local mn, mx, n = bounds(ref)
	if n == 0 then
		spikeSet = {}
		mn, mx, n = bounds(ref)
	end
	if n == 0 then
		local bcf, bsz = model:GetBoundingBox()
		local c = ref:PointToObjectSpace(bcf.Position)
		mn, mx = c - bsz / 2, c + bsz / 2
	end
	local bbSize = mx - mn
	model.WorldPivot = ref * CFrame.new((mn + mx) / 2)
	local halfH = bbSize.Y / 2
	local swap = math.abs(yaw) % 180 == 90
	local width  = swap and bbSize.Z or bbSize.X
	local length = swap and bbSize.X or bbSize.Z

	-- remember where each spike part sits relative to the pivot
	local pivot0 = model:GetPivot()
	for part in pairs(spikeSet) do
		table.insert(spikes, { part = part, rel = pivot0:ToObjectSpace(part.CFrame) })
	end

	local rayParams = RaycastParams.new()
	rayParams.FilterType = Enum.RaycastFilterType.Exclude
	local function updateFilter()
		rayParams.FilterDescendantsInstances = { model, lp.Character }
	end
	updateFilter()

	-- spawn in front of the player
	local spawnPos = hrp.Position + hrp.CFrame.LookVector * (length / 2 + 12)
	local hit = workspace:Raycast(spawnPos + Vector3.new(0, 100, 0), Vector3.new(0, -300, 0), rayParams)
	local pos = (hit and hit.Position or spawnPos) + Vector3.new(0, halfH, 0)
	local look0 = hrp.CFrame.LookVector
	local heading = math.atan2(-look0.X, -look0.Z)
	local up = Vector3.yAxis
	local speed, vy = 0, 0
	local driving, deployed, deployAlpha = false, false, 0
	local mode = "drive" -- drive / snatched / thrown
	local vel, angVel, airRot = Vector3.zero, Vector3.zero, nil
	local snatchT, snatchDur, snatchCooldown, spinDir = 0, 0, 0, 1
	local snatchMph = def.snatch or SNATCH.DefaultMph
	local deployDrop = def.drop or DEPLOY_DROP

	local function buildCF()
		if airRot then return CFrame.new(pos) * airRot end
		local fwd = CFrame.Angles(0, heading, 0).LookVector
		local look = (fwd - up * fwd:Dot(up)).Unit
		local right = look:Cross(up).Unit
		return CFrame.fromMatrix(pos, right, up, -look)
	end

	local promptPart = Instance.new("Part")
	promptPart.Size = Vector3.new(1, 1, 1)
	promptPart.Transparency = 1
	promptPart.CanCollide = false
	promptPart.CanQuery = false
	promptPart.Anchored = true
	promptPart.Parent = model

	-- headlights (front of the car)
	local lights, lightsOn = {}, false
	for _, sx in ipairs({ -1, 1 }) do
		local p = Instance.new("Part")
		p.Size = Vector3.new(0.9, 0.6, 0.3)
		p.Material = Enum.Material.Neon
		p.Color = Color3.fromRGB(70, 70, 70)
		p.Anchored = true
		p.CanCollide = false
		p.CanQuery = false
		p.CanTouch = false
		p.Parent = model
		local sl = Instance.new("SpotLight")
		sl.Face = Enum.NormalId.Front
		sl.Range = 110
		sl.Angle = 55
		sl.Brightness = 5
		sl.Color = Color3.fromRGB(255, 244, 214)
		sl.Enabled = false
		sl.Parent = p
		table.insert(lights, { part = p, light = sl, x = sx * width * 0.3 })
	end
	local function setLights(on)
		lightsOn = on
		for _, l in ipairs(lights) do
			l.light.Enabled = on
			l.part.Color = on and Color3.fromRGB(255, 244, 214) or Color3.fromRGB(70, 70, 70)
		end
		lightsBtn.Text = on and "LIGHTS: ON" or "LIGHTS: OFF"
		lightsBtn.BackgroundColor3 = on and Color3.fromRGB(200, 170, 40) or Color3.fromRGB(70, 70, 80)
	end

	-- sounds
	local engineSound = Instance.new("Sound")
	engineSound.SoundId = "rbxassetid://" .. ENGINE_ID
	engineSound.Looped = true
	engineSound.Volume = 0.4
	engineSound.RollOffMaxDistance = 200
	engineSound.Parent = promptPart
	local accelSound = Instance.new("Sound")
	accelSound.SoundId = "rbxassetid://" .. ACCEL_ID
	accelSound.Volume = 0.8
	accelSound.RollOffMaxDistance = 200
	accelSound.Parent = promptPart
	local function mkSound(id, vol)
		local snd = Instance.new("Sound")
		snd.SoundId = "rbxassetid://" .. id
		snd.Volume = vol
		snd.RollOffMaxDistance = 200
		snd.Parent = promptPart
		return snd
	end
	local deploySound   = mkSound(DEPLOY_ID, 1)
	local undeploySound = mkSound(UNDEPLOY_ID, 1)
	local spikeDeploySound = mkSound(SPIKE_DEPLOY_ID, 1)
	local engineOn, wasPressing, lastAccel = false, false, 0

	local function place()
		local cf = buildCF()
		local e = deployAlpha * deployAlpha * (3 - 2 * deployAlpha)
		local P = cf * CFrame.new(0, -deployDrop * e, 0) * CFrame.Angles(0, math.rad(yaw), 0)
		model:PivotTo(P)
		for _, sp in ipairs(spikes) do
			sp.part.CFrame = P * sp.rel - cf.UpVector * (SPIKE_TRAVEL * e)
		end
		promptPart.CFrame = cf
		local lcf = cf * CFrame.new(0, -deployDrop * e, 0)
		for _, l in ipairs(lights) do
			l.part.CFrame = lcf * CFrame.new(l.x, -halfH * 0.3, -length / 2 - 0.1)
		end
		return cf
	end

	local cf0 = place()
	do -- calibrate: put the real lowest visible point exactly on the ground
		local cmn, _, cn = bounds(cf0)
		if cn > 0 then
			halfH = -cmn.Y
			pos = (hit and hit.Position or spawnPos) + Vector3.new(0, halfH, 0)
			place()
		end
	end

	print(string.format("%s size: %.1f x %.1f x %.1f | halfH %.2f", def.name, bbSize.X, bbSize.Y, bbSize.Z, halfH))

	local prompt = Instance.new("ProximityPrompt")
	prompt.ActionText = "Drive"
	prompt.ObjectText = def.name
	prompt.HoldDuration = 0
	prompt.RequiresLineOfSight = false
	prompt.MaxActivationDistance = math.max(length, width) / 2 + 10
	prompt.KeyboardKeyCode = Enum.KeyCode.E
	prompt.Parent = promptPart

	model.Parent = workspace

	-- enter / exit / deploy
	local function enter()
		if driving then return end
		char = lp.Character
		local hum = char and char:FindFirstChildOfClass("Humanoid")
		hrp = char and char:FindFirstChild("HumanoidRootPart")
		if not hum or not hrp then return end
		driving = true
		char:SetAttribute("InVehicle", true)
		updateFilter()
		for _, p in ipairs(char:GetDescendants()) do
			if p:IsA("BasePart") then p.CanCollide = false end
		end
		hum.Sit = true
		hrp.Anchored = true
		prompt.Enabled = false
		deployBtn.Text = deployed and "RETRACT" or "DEPLOY"
		setLights(lightsOn)
		hud.Enabled = true
	end

	local function exit()
		if not driving or mode ~= "drive" then return end
		driving = false
		if char then char:SetAttribute("InVehicle", nil) end
		speed = 0
		local hum = char and char:FindFirstChildOfClass("Humanoid")
		if hrp and hrp.Parent then
			hrp.Anchored = false
			hrp.CFrame = buildCF() * CFrame.new(-(width / 2 + 4), 1, seatOffset.Z)
		end
		if hum then hum.Sit = false end
		if char then
			for _, p in ipairs(char:GetDescendants()) do
				if p:IsA("BasePart") and p.Name ~= "HumanoidRootPart" then p.CanCollide = true end
			end
		end
		prompt.Enabled = true
		hud.Enabled = false
	end

	local function toggleDeploy()
		if not driving or mode ~= "drive" then return end
		if not deployed and math.abs(speed) > 6 then
			deployBtn.Text = "STOP FIRST"
			task.delay(1, function()
				deployBtn.Text = deployed and "RETRACT" or "DEPLOY"
			end)
			return
		end
		deployed = not deployed
		deployBtn.Text = deployed and "RETRACT" or "DEPLOY"
		if deployed then
			(def.spikes and spikeDeploySound or deploySound):Play()
		else
			undeploySound:Play()
		end
	end

	table.insert(vconns, prompt.Triggered:Connect(function(plr)
		if plr == lp then enter() end
	end))
	table.insert(vconns, lp.CharacterAdded:Connect(function()
		driving = false
		prompt.Enabled = true
		hud.Enabled = false
	end))

	-- tornado snatch
	local function startSnatch()
		local cf = buildCF()
		mode = "snatched"
		snatchT = 0
		snatchDur = SNATCH.Hold[1] + math.random() * (SNATCH.Hold[2] - SNATCH.Hold[1])
		vel = cf.LookVector * speed
		airRot = cf.Rotation
		angVel = Vector3.new(math.random() - 0.5, math.random() - 0.5, math.random() - 0.5) * 1.2
		spinDir = (math.random() < 0.5) and 1 or -1
		speed, vy = 0, 0
		deployed = false
		deployBtn.Text = "DEPLOY"
	end

	local function land(g)
		local fwd = airRot.LookVector
		local flat = Vector3.new(fwd.X, 0, fwd.Z)
		if flat.Magnitude < 0.1 then flat = Vector3.new(0, 0, -1) end
		flat = flat.Unit
		heading = math.atan2(-flat.X, -flat.Z)
		airRot = nil
		up = Vector3.yAxis
		pos = g.Position + Vector3.new(0, halfH, 0)
		vel, speed, vy = Vector3.zero, 0, 0
		mode = "drive"
		snatchCooldown = os.clock() + SNATCH.Cooldown
	end

	local function stepAir(dt, snap)
		deployAlpha = math.max(deployAlpha - dt / 0.6, 0)
		if mode == "snatched" then
			snatchT += dt
			if not snap or snap.contact < 0.15 then
				mode = "thrown"
			else
				local field, c = windField(snap, pos)
				local h = pos.Y - snap.pos.Y
				local lift = (h < snap.height * SNATCH.MaxHeight) and SNATCH.Lift or 0
				vel += ((field + Vector3.new(0, lift, 0)) - vel) * math.min(1, SNATCH.Grip * dt)
				local t = snatchT
				local target = Vector3.new(math.sin(t * 1.3 + spinDir) * 1.6, 1.8 * spinDir, math.cos(t * 0.9) * 1.4)
				angVel = angVel:Lerp(target, math.min(1, 1.5 * dt))
				if snatchT >= snatchDur then
					local rx, rz = pos.X - c.X, pos.Z - c.Z
					local d = math.max(math.sqrt(rx * rx + rz * rz), 1)
					local rad = Vector3.new(rx / d, 0, rz / d)
					local tan = Vector3.new(-rad.Z, 0, rad.X)
					vel = rad * SNATCH.ThrowSpeed + tan * (SNATCH.ThrowSpeed * 0.8) + Vector3.new(0, SNATCH.ThrowUp, 0)
					mode = "thrown"
				end
			end
		else
			vel += Vector3.new(0, -GRAVITY, 0) * dt
		end

		pos += vel * dt
		local w = angVel.Magnitude
		if w > 0.0001 then
			airRot = CFrame.fromAxisAngle(angVel.Unit, w * dt) * airRot
		end

		if mode == "thrown" and vel.Y <= 0 then
			local reach = halfH + 3 + (-vel.Y) * dt
			local g = workspace:Raycast(pos + Vector3.new(0, 2, 0), Vector3.new(0, -reach, 0), rayParams)
			if g then land(g) end
		end
	end

	-- main loop
	table.insert(vconns, RunService.Heartbeat:Connect(function(dt)
		dt = math.min(dt, 0.05)

		local snap = SNATCH.Enabled and getStorm() or nil
		local need = snatchMph * (deployed and SNATCH.DeployedMul or 1)
		if snap and snap.contact > 0.05 then
			local mph = localWind(snap, pos)
			if driving then
				windLabel.Visible = true
				windLabel.Text = string.format("WIND %d / %d MPH", math.floor(mph), math.floor(need))
				windLabel.TextColor3 = (mph >= need * 0.8) and Color3.fromRGB(255, 80, 80) or Color3.fromRGB(120, 255, 150)
			end
			if mode == "drive" and snap.contact > 0.4 and os.clock() >= snatchCooldown and mph >= need then
				startSnatch()
			end
		elseif driving then
			windLabel.Visible = false
		end

		if mode ~= "drive" then
			stepAir(dt, snap)
			local final = place()
			if driving and hrp and hrp.Parent then
				hrp.CFrame = final * CFrame.new(seatOffset)
			end
			if engineOn then
				engineSound.PlaybackSpeed = 1.7
				engineSound.Volume = 0.6
			end
			if driving then
				speedLabel.Text = string.format("%d MPH", math.floor(vel.Magnitude * 0.68))
			end
			return
		end

		deployAlpha = math.clamp(deployAlpha + (deployed and 1 or -1) * dt / 1.2, 0, 1)
		if deployed then speed = 0 end

		local throttle, steer = 0, 0
		if driving and not deployed then throttle, steer = getInput() end

		if throttle > 0.05 then
			if speed < 0 then speed += BRAKE * dt else speed += ACCEL * throttle * dt end
			speed = math.min(speed, MAX_SPEED * throttle)
		elseif throttle < -0.05 then
			if speed > 0 then speed -= BRAKE * dt else speed += ACCEL * throttle * dt end
			speed = math.max(speed, -REVERSE_SPEED)
		else
			local d = DRAG * dt
			if math.abs(speed) <= d then speed = 0 else speed -= math.sign(speed) * d end
		end

		-- engine + accelerate sounds
		local pressing = throttle > 0.05
		if pressing and not wasPressing and driving and os.clock() - lastAccel > 1.5 then
			lastAccel = os.clock()
			accelSound:Play()
		end
		wasPressing = pressing
		if driving and not engineOn then
			engineOn = true
			engineSound:Play()
		elseif not driving and engineOn then
			engineOn = false
			engineSound:Stop()
		end
		if engineOn then
			engineSound.PlaybackSpeed = 0.7 + math.clamp(math.abs(speed) / MAX_SPEED, 0, 1) * 1.1
			engineSound.Volume = pressing and 0.6 or 0.35
		end

		local sf = math.clamp(speed / 25, -1, 1)
		heading -= steer * TURN_RATE * sf * dt

		local cf = buildCF()
		local fwd = cf.LookVector
		local flat = Vector3.new(fwd.X, 0, fwd.Z)
		flat = flat.Magnitude > 0 and flat.Unit or fwd
		local dist = speed * dt
		if math.abs(dist) > 0.001 then
			local dir = flat * math.sign(dist)
			local boxCF = cf * CFrame.new(0, halfH * 0.25, 0)
			local bs = Vector3.new(math.max(width * 0.85, 1), math.max(bbSize.Y * 0.4, 1), length * 0.9)
			local ok2, res = pcall(function()
				return workspace:Blockcast(boxCF, bs, dir * (math.abs(dist) + 0.5), rayParams)
			end)
			if ok2 and res and res.Normal.Y < 0.6 then
				speed = -speed * 0.25
			else
				pos += flat * dist
			end
		end

		local g = workspace:Raycast(pos + up * (halfH + 6), -up * (halfH + 60), rayParams)
		if g then
			up = up:Lerp(g.Normal, math.min(1, 10 * dt)).Unit
			local targetPos = g.Position + up * (halfH + RIDE_OFFSET + (def.ride or 0))
			if pos.Y - targetPos.Y > 1.5 then
				vy -= GRAVITY * dt
				pos += Vector3.new(0, vy * dt, 0)
				if pos.Y < targetPos.Y then pos = Vector3.new(pos.X, targetPos.Y, pos.Z); vy = 0 end
			else
				vy = 0
				pos = pos:Lerp(targetPos, math.min(1, 18 * dt))
			end
		else
			up = up:Lerp(Vector3.yAxis, math.min(1, 3 * dt)).Unit
			vy -= GRAVITY * dt
			pos += Vector3.new(0, vy * dt, 0)
		end

		local final = place()

		if driving then
			if hrp and hrp.Parent then
				local e = deployAlpha * deployAlpha * (3 - 2 * deployAlpha)
				hrp.CFrame = final * CFrame.new(seatOffset - Vector3.new(0, deployDrop * e, 0))
			end
			speedLabel.Text = string.format("%d MPH", math.floor(math.abs(speed) * 0.68))
		end
	end))

	current = {
		isDriving = function() return driving end,
		exit = exit,
		toggleDeploy = toggleDeploy,
		toggleLights = function()
			if driving then setLights(not lightsOn) end
		end,
		destroy = function()
			if driving then
				mode = "drive"
				exit()
			end
			for _, c in ipairs(vconns) do pcall(function() c:Disconnect() end) end
			model:Destroy()
			hud.Enabled = false
		end,
	}
end

local function spawnVehicle(def, statusBtn)
	if spawning then return end
	spawning = true
	if current then current.destroy(); current = nil end
	local old = statusBtn and statusBtn.Text
	if statusBtn then statusBtn.Text = "Loading..." end
	local ok, err = pcall(buildVehicle, def)
	if not ok then
		warn("Garage: " .. tostring(err))
		if statusBtn then statusBtn.Text = "Failed" ; task.wait(1) end
	end
	if statusBtn then statusBtn.Text = old end
	spawning = false
end

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- spawn menu: < car name > + OK
---------------------------------------------------------------------
local menu = Instance.new("ScreenGui")
menu.Name = "DominatorGarage"
menu.ResetOnSpawn = false
menu.Parent = guiParent
table.insert(cleanupList, menu)

local toggle = mkButton(menu, "CARS", UDim2.new(0, 70, 0, 36), UDim2.new(0, 10, 0.35, 0), Color3.fromRGB(40, 40, 45))

local panel = Instance.new("Frame")
panel.Size = UDim2.new(0, 220, 0, 150)
panel.Position = UDim2.new(0, 10, 0.35, 44)
panel.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(20, 20, 24)
panel.BackgroundTransparency = 0.15
panel.Visible = false
panel.Parent = menu
Instance.new("UICorner", panel)

local index = 1

local leftBtn  = mkButton(panel, "<", UDim2.new(0, 40, 0, 40), UDim2.new(0, 8, 0, 10),   Color3.fromRGB(60, 90, 160))
local rightBtn = mkButton(panel, ">", UDim2.new(0, 40, 0, 40), UDim2.new(1, -48, 0, 10), Color3.fromRGB(60, 90, 160))
leftBtn.TextSize = 22
rightBtn.TextSize = 22

local nameLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
nameLabel.Size = UDim2.new(1, -112, 0, 40)
nameLabel.Position = UDim2.new(0, 56, 0, 10)
nameLabel.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(35, 35, 42)
nameLabel.TextColor3 = Color3.new(1, 1, 1)
nameLabel.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBold
nameLabel.TextSize = 14
nameLabel.TextScaled = false
nameLabel.TextWrapped = true
nameLabel.Parent = panel
Instance.new("UICorner", nameLabel)

local countLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
countLabel.Size = UDim2.new(1, 0, 0, 18)
countLabel.Position = UDim2.new(0, 0, 0, 54)
countLabel.BackgroundTransparency = 1
countLabel.TextColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(170, 170, 180)
countLabel.Font = Enum.Font.Gotham
countLabel.TextSize = 12
countLabel.Parent = panel

local okBtn = mkButton(panel, "OK", UDim2.new(1, -16, 0, 36), UDim2.new(0, 8, 0, 76), Color3.fromRGB(40, 150, 70))
local removeBtn = mkButton(panel, "Remove car", UDim2.new(1, -16, 0, 30), UDim2.new(0, 8, 0, 116), Color3.fromRGB(150, 50, 50))
removeBtn.TextSize = 14

local function refresh()
	nameLabel.Text = VEHICLES[index].name
	countLabel.Text = index .. " / " .. #VEHICLES
end
refresh()

table.insert(conns, leftBtn.Activated:Connect(function()
	index = (index - 2) % #VEHICLES + 1
	refresh()
end))
table.insert(conns, rightBtn.Activated:Connect(function()
	index = index % #VEHICLES + 1
	refresh()
end))
table.insert(conns, okBtn.Activated:Connect(function()
	spawnVehicle(VEHICLES[index], okBtn)
end))
table.insert(conns, removeBtn.Activated:Connect(function()
	if current then current.destroy(); current = nil end
end))
table.insert(conns, toggle.Activated:Connect(function() panel.Visible = not panel.Visible end))

print("Dominator Garage ready - tap CARS on the left.")